Iindaba zeShishini

Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi oluphathelele indalo kwihlabathi liphela kunye nenkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo yetekhnoloji, iiprojekthi ezintsha zamandla ziya ziba ziimveliso eziphambili kwimarike yexesha elizayo ye-transformer. Ezi projekthi azikhuthazi nje kuphela utshintsho oluluhlaza lwenkqubo yamandla, kodwa zikwabonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yokwakha inethiwekhi yamandla ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bamandla ahlaziyekayo njengeenkqubo zokugcina umoya, ilanga kunye namandla, ii-transformers ezintsha zamandla zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwaye zinciphise ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil emveli, ngaloo ndlela zinegalelo ekufezekisweni kokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela.

Umlinganiselo wotshintsho lwe-transformer ubhekisa kumlinganiselo wombane phakathi kokujikeleza kwe-high-voltage (HV) kunye nokujikeleza kwe-low-voltage (LV). Ngokukodwa, umele umlinganiselo wombane olinganisiweyo kwicala eliphambili (ngokuqhelekileyo elibizwa ngokuba licala le-high-voltage okanye lokufaka) kwi-voltage elinganisiweyo kwicala lesibini (ngokubanzi elaziwa njengecala le-low-voltage okanye lokukhupha).

Iitransformer ze-voltage ephezulu (HV) zenzelwe ii-voltages ≥35 kV (eMntla Melika) okanye ≥36 kV (eYurophu), ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinethiwekhi zothumelo lwamandla ukunyusa imveliso yejenereyitha yokuhambisa umgama omde kunye nee-voltages zokwehlisa umbane kwizikhululo ezingaphantsi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iitransformer ze-voltage ephantsi (LV) (≤1 kV) zilawula ukusasazwa kwendawo, zinciphisa i-voltage yegridi ukuya kumanqanaba asebenzisekayo kwimithwalo yokuhlala, yezorhwebo, neyemizi-mveliso. Iitransformer zamandla zilawula usetyenziso lwe-HV (umz., 110–765 kV), ngelixa iitransformer zokusasazwa zigxila kwiinkqubo ze-LV (≤33 kV).

Imarike ye-US power transformer ikhula kakhulu kwaye itshintsha, iqhutywa ziziseko zophuhliso ezidala, ukunyuka kwemfuno yombane, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwemeko yangoku kunye neendlela zexesha elizayo.

I-transformer entywiliselwe luhlobo lwe-transformer yombane esebenzisa ioyile njengendawo yokukhusela nokupholisa. Le transformer isebenza ngokuguqula i-alternating current (AC) ukusuka kwinqanaba le-voltage ukuya kwelinye, nokuba yonyusa (inyuka) okanye yehlise (ihla) i-voltage. I-transformer ine-magnetic core, ii-windings, kunye ne-bushings, zonke zifakwe kwi-transformer oil, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukusebenza kwesixhobo.

Umbindi yintliziyo yesekethe yemagnethi yetransformer. Umgangatho wayo uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukulahleka komthwalo kunye nenqanaba lengxolo yetransformer.

I-rectifier transformer yokuvelisa i-hydrogen yinkqubo ekhethekileyo "yentliziyo kunye nombane" yezixhobo zokuvelisa i-hydrogen nge-electrolysis yamanzi (i-electrolyzer). Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuguqula i-alternating current (AC) yegridi ibe yi-direct current (DC) ene-current ephezulu kunye ne-voltage ephantsi efunekayo yi-electrolyzer.

Olu luhlelo lokhuseleko oluvela kwimigangatho yoyilo lwezikhululo zamandla enyukliya (umz., i-IEEE Std 323 e-US okanye i-GB/T 12727 e-China). Ibhekisa kwizixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokwenza imisebenzi ephambili yokhuseleko, njengokuvalwa kwengxamiseko ye-reactor, ukwahlulwa koxinzelelo, ukupholisa i-reactor core, kunye nokuthintela ukukhululwa kwezinto ezine-radioactive.

Ngohlobo oludalaIsiguquli se-1000kVAokwangoku ithwala umthwalo omalunga nama-200kW, ngaba le transformer ingahlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo ukuba siceba ukongeza umthwalo omtsha omalunga nama-600kW? Lo mbuzo ujikeleza kakhulu kwingcamango esisiseko: ubudlelwane kunye nomahluko phakathi kwe-kVA kunye ne-kW.

Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kolwazi oluphathelele indalo kwihlabathi liphela kunye nenkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo yetekhnoloji, iiprojekthi ezintsha zamandla ziya ziba ziimveliso eziphambili kwimarike yexesha elizayo ye-transformer. Ezi projekthi azikhuthazi nje kuphela utshintsho oluluhlaza lwenkqubo yamandla, kodwa zikwabonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yokwakha inethiwekhi yamandla ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bamandla ahlaziyekayo njengeenkqubo zokugcina umoya, ilanga kunye namandla, ii-transformers ezintsha zamandla zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwaye zinciphise ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil emveli, ngaloo ndlela zinegalelo ekufezekisweni kokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela.