Ukuhlala Upholile: Indlela Iinkqubo Zokupholisa zeTransformer Ezandisa Ngayo Ubomi Bezinto

Intshayelelo

Ubomi betransformer buxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu bayo bokusebenza. Kwiqondo ngalinye lokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-8 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kobushushu obulinganisiweyo, ubomi bokugquma bunqunyulwa phakathi. Olu lwalamano lubalulekileyo lwenza iinkqubo zokupholisa zingabi zizinto ezincedisayo kuphela, kodwa zibe zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ubude bexesha kunye nokuthembeka kwempahla.

Ukupholisa i-transformer kuguqukele kwiindlela ezilula ezingasebenziyo ukuya kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezikwaziyo ukukhupha ii-megawatts zobushushu. Ukuqonda ezi teknoloji kunceda iingcali zokuthenga zichaze izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwaye zivavanye ukusebenza kwexesha elide.

Inxalenye Yokuqala: Iziseko—Indlela Ubushushu Obushiya Ngayo I-Transformer

Ubushushu kwi-transformer buvela kwimithombo emibini: ukulahleka komthwalo (i-core magnetization) kunye nokulahleka komthwalo (ukumelana nokujika). Obu bushushu kufuneka budluliselwe ngamanqanaba amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba bufike emoyeni ojikelezileyo.

Ngaphakathi Isiguquli esintywiliselwa kwioyiles, indlela yile: ii-hot windings kunye ne-core → ioyile ejikelezileyo → udonga lwetanki okanye umphezulu we-radiator → umoya ongqongileyo. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesigaba ngasinye kumisela ubushushu bokugqibela be-transformer.

Iindlela zokupholisa zichongwa ngeekhowudi ezimiselweyo. Oonobumba bokuqala babonisa indlela yokupholisa yangaphakathi kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi (O yeoli), ngelixa oonobumba besibini bachaza indlela yokupholisa yangaphandle kunye nendlela (N yendalo, F yephoqelekileyo). Umzekelo, i-ONAN ithetha iOyile yendalo yoMoya weNdalo—ulwakhiwo olulula.

Inxalenye Yesibini: Ukupholisa Ngokwendalo—i-ONAN

Ukupholisa i-ONAN kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo zendalo: ukunyuka kweoyile efudumeleyo, izinki zeoyile ezipholileyo, kwaye umoya ujikeleza ngokwendalo udlula kwiiradiator. Akukho zipompo, akukho fan, kwaye akukho zinto zishukumayo.

Olu lula lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo: ukusebenza buthule, ukugcinwa okuncinci, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. I-ONAN idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiitransformers ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 MVA kwiindawo ezinemozulu ephakathi. Kwiindawo ezipholileyo, inokusebenza ngamandla amakhulu ngokufanelekileyo.

Umda ngumthamo wokusasaza ubushushu. Ngaphandle kokuhamba ngokunyanzelekileyo, ukupholisa kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumahluko obushushu kunye nommandla womphezulu. Ukuze kubekho amandla aphezulu, amanyathelo ongezelelweyo ayafuneka

Inxalenye Yesithathu: Ukongeza Abalandeli—i-ONAF

I-ONAF (i-Oil Natural Air Forced) yongeza iifeni kwii-radiators, nto leyo eyonyusa kakhulu ukudluliselwa kobushushu. Umoya utyhalwa okanye utsalwa kwiindawo ezipholileyo, nto leyo ephucula ukusasazwa kwawo nge-150 ukuya kwi-200 ekhulwini xa kuthelekiswa ne-convection yendalo.

Oku kuvumela i-transformer efanayo ukuba ikwazi ukusingatha imithwalo ephezulu—ngesiqhelo ukwanda kwamandla ngama-20 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini. I-ONAF idla ngokusetyenziswa kwii-transformer ezikuluhlu lwe-30 ukuya kwi-100 MVA, apho inika ibhalansi entle yeendleko kunye nokusebenza.

Iifeni zinokubekwa ngokwezinga lobushushu okanye umthwalo, zisebenze kuphela xa kufuneka. Oku kulungelelaniswa kwenza i-ONAF ithandwe kakhulu kwiizicelo ezineemfuno zexesha lonyaka eziguquguqukayo.

Inxalenye Yesine: Ukujikeleziswa Kweoyile Ngokunyanzelekileyo—i-OFAF kunye ne-ODAF

Kwi-transformers ezinkulu, ukuhamba kweoyile yendalo akwanelanga. I-OFAF (i-Oil Forced Air Forced) ingenisa iimpompo ezijikeleza ioyile ngenkuthalo kwinkqubo yokupholisa. Oku kukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu ukusuka kwii-windings ukuya kwii-radiator, okuvumela uxinano lwamandla oluphezulu kakhulu.

I-ODAF (i-Oil Directed Air Forced) ithatha oku phambili ngokuqondisa ukuhamba kweoyile kwiindlela ezithile zokujika, iqinisekisa ukuba neendawo ezishushu kakhulu zifumana ukupholisa okwaneleyo. Ezi nkqubo zisemgangathweni kwiitransformers ezingaphezulu kwe-100 MVA nakwiindawo ezifuna amandla afana nemozulu eshushu okanye ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso.

Utshintsho lubalulekile: iimpompo kunye neefeni zisebenzisa amandla, zenza ingxolo, kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo. Iitransformer ze-OFAF nazo zibiza kakhulu ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, kwiizicelo ezinomthamo ophezulu, akukho ndlela isebenzayo.

Icandelo lesiHlanu: Iindlela eziKhethekileyo zokuPholisa

Ukupholisa Amanzi.Ezinye ii-transformers ezinkulu kakhulu okanye iiyunithi zokunyusa ijenereyitha yamanzi zisebenzisa iinkqubo ze-OFWF (i-Oil Forced Water Forced). Umthamo ophezulu wobushushu bamanzi uvumela amalungiselelo okupholisa amancinci, kodwa umngcipheko wokuvuza ufuna ukuvalwa okugqwesileyo kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo.

Isiguquli sohlobo olomileyos.Kwiifektri zangaphakathi, ii-transformer zohlobo olomileyo zixhomekeke ekujikelezeni komoya ngokusebenzisa ii-windings ezifakwe kwi-epoxy. Uyilo luqala kwi-AN (Air Natural) ukuya kwi-AF (Air Forced) enefeni. Nangona kususa umngcipheko womlilo weoyile, ukupholisa kohlobo olomileyo akusebenzi kakuhle njengokuntywiliselwa kolwelo.

Iiteknoloji Ezisakhasayo.Uphando lwakutshanje luhlola ukupholisa okubangelwa kukufuma, apho izinto ezitshintsha isigaba zifunxa ubushushu ngokufutha, zifezekisa ii-coefficients ezibalaseleyo zokudlulisa ubushushu. Imibhobho yobushushu etshintsha isigaba ikwafundwa kwiitransformers zohlobo olomileyo, nto leyo enokunciphisa i-gradients yobushushu kwaye iphucule ukufana.

Icandelo lesithandathu: Ukuphuculwa koYilo kunye neeNdlela zeXesha elizayo

Uyilo lwanamhlanje lokupholisa luxhomekeke ngakumbi kwi-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ukuphucula indawo ye-radiator, isithuba se-fin, kunye neendlela zokuhamba komoya. Nokuba kuphuculwe kancinci ekusebenzeni kakuhle kuthetha ukonga amandla okukhulu kwiminyaka emininzi yokusebenza.

Abaphandi bakwahlola iinkqubo ezixutyiweyo ezisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko—i-ONAN ngexesha lomthwalo ophantsi, i-ONAF ngexesha leencopho—ukulinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla okupholisa.

Kwiingcali zokuthenga, ukuqonda ezi ndlela kwenza kube lula ukucacisa ngcono. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka ubushushu obuphezulu, iiprofayili zomthwalo eziqhelekileyo, imida yengxolo, kunye nokukwazi ukuyigcina ikwimeko entle. Inkqubo yokupholisa efanelekileyo ayikhuseli nje kuphela i-transformer—ikhulisa imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali kuyo yonke imihla yayo.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo zokupholisa zetransformer ziguqukele kwiiradiator ezilula ukuya kwiindibaniselwano ezintsonkothileyo zeempompo, iifeni, kunye nolawulo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-ONAN, i-ONAF, i-OFAF, okanye uyilo olukhethekileyo kuxhomekeke kumthamo, indawo, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

Okuhlala kuhleli ngumgaqo osisiseko: ukupholisa okusebenzayo kwandisa ubomi be-transformer. Idigri nganye ibalulekile, kwaye inkqubo yokupholisa sisixhobo esiphambili sokulawula ezo digri. Kwabo batyala imali kwi-transformers, ukuqonda ukupholisa akunyanzelekanga—kubalulekile.