IiTransformers ezikhethekileyo zeHVDC Flex: Ukuvumela Amandla oMoya akude angaphandle

Intshayelelo

Njengoko iifama zomoya ezikwi-offshore zisiya kude ukusuka elunxwemeni—ngaphaya kweekhilomitha ezili-100 zisiya emanzini anzulu—uthumelo lwe-AC oluqhelekileyo lufikelela kwimida yalo yobugcisa. Iintambo zenqanawa ezingaphantsi kolwandle zisebenza njengee-capacitor ezinkulu, zidla amandla asabelayo kwaye zenze ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kube nzima kumgama omde. Kulapho ubuchwepheshe bothumelo oluguquguqukayo lwe-high-voltage direct current (HVDC) buba yimfuneko khona, kwaye kunye nayo, udidi olutsha lwee-transformers ezikhethekileyo.

Eli nqaku lihlola indima yezi transformers ekudluliseleni amandla omoya olwandle kunye neemfuno zobugcisa ezibenza bahluke kwiiyunithi zesiqhelo.

Inxalenye Yokuqala: Kutheni i-HVDC iFlexwa kuMoya oLwandle oluNzulu?

Umngeni wobuchule bokukwazi.Xa amandla e-AC ehamba ngeentambo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, intambo ngokwayo isebenza njenge-capacitor. Ngaphaya kweekhilomitha ezingama-70, amandla asebenzayo asetyenziswa yintambo aba makhulu kangangokuba amandla amancinci asebenzayo afikelela elunxwemeni. Uthumelo lwe-HVDC lususa le ngxaki—umbane othe ngqo awudali siphumo se-capacitance, ovumela uthumelo olusebenzayo kwiikhilomitha ezingamakhulu.

Iingenelo ze-DC eziguquguqukayo.Ngokungafaniyo ne-HVDC eqhelekileyo, exhomekeke kwinkxaso yegridi ye-AC ezinzileyo, i-HVDC eguquguqukayo (okanye "i-HVDC Flex") isebenzisa ii-voltage-source converters ezinokulawula amandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo ngokuzimeleyo. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukudibanisa imithombo eguquguqukayo evuselelekayo efana nomoya osuka kude, ongenalo uxinano olujikelezayo lwezityalo zamandla eziqhelekileyo.

Icandelo Lesibini: IiTransformers Ezikhethekileyo Ziyafuneka

Iinkqubo ze-HVDC Flex zifuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetransformer ezikhethekileyo, nganye ijongene nemingeni eyahlukileyo.

Ii-Converter Transformers.Ezi zidibanisa inethiwekhi yokuqokelela i-AC kwiivalvu ze-DC converter. Kwiinkqubo zolwandle olunzulu, kufuneka zijongane noxinzelelo lwe-AC kunye ne-DC ngaxeshanye—imeko ebeka iimfuno ezinzima kwiinkqubo zokukhusela. Amanqanaba e-voltage ayanda ngokuthe chu; iiprojekthi zakutshanje zifikelele kwi-±500 kV, zifuna ii-transformers ezikwaziyo ukumelana namasimi ombane e-AC kunye ne-DC adibeneyo.

IiTransformers zePlatform zaseLwandle.Ezi yunithi zifakwe kumaqonga aselunxwemeni, kufuneka zinyamezele iimeko ezimandundu zokusingqongileyo: ukugqwala kwe-salt spray, ukufuma okuphezulu, ukungcangcazela okuvela kwintshukumo yamaza, kunye neendawo ezivalekileyo. Uvavanyo lwe-salt spray kwii-transformers zaselunxwemeni ludla ngokuthatha iiyure ezili-1,440—ubude obuphindwe kabini okanye kathathu bezixhobo eziqhelekileyo.

Imiqathango yoYilo oluKhawulezayo.Itoni nganye yobunzima kwiqonga eliselunxwemeni longeza iindleko ezinkulu kwiziseko nakwiinqanawa zokufakela. Iinjineli zilandela uyilo oluncinci nolukhaphukhaphu ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukuthembeka. Izinto ezintsha zakutshanje ziquka iinkqubo zokupholisa ezilungisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela eziphucukileyo ezinciphisa ubungakanani betransformer ngelixa zigcina ukusebenza.

Inxalenye Yesithathu: Imingeni Yobuchwephesha

Ulungelelwaniso lokufakwa kwezinto ezishushu.Ukudityaniswa kwee-voltage ze-AC kunye ne-DC kwii-transformer eziguqulayo kudala ukusasazwa kwentsimi yombane okuntsonkothileyo. Iitshaja zesithuba zinokuqokelelana kwizinto zokukhusela phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-DC, nto leyo enokubangela ukukhutshwa okuncinci kunye nokungaphumeleli. Imodeli ephucukileyo esebenzisa uhlalutyo lwezinto ezilinganiselweyo inceda iinjineli ukuba ziyile iinkqubo zokukhusela ezilawula ezi ziphumo.

Ukuqina koomatshini.Iitransformer zaselwandle kufuneka zisinde ekuthuthweni ngolwandle, ukufakwa kwiimeko ezinzima, kunye nokungcangcazela okuqhubekekayo kwamashumi eminyaka. Izakhiwo zeetanki eziqinisiweyo, iinkqubo zokubambelela eziphuculweyo, kunye nokukhethwa kwamacandelo ngononophelo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka koomatshini kulo lonke ubomi bempahla.

Ukupholisa kwiindawo ezivalekileyo.Amaqonga aselunxwemeni anika indawo encinci yezixhobo zokupholisa. Abayili baphucula ukusebenza kobushushu ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-fluid dynamics ephucukileyo, beqinisekisa ukuba ii-transformers zinokusebenza ngokupheleleyo nakwiindawo ezishushu nezivaliweyo.

Icandelo Lesine: Iprojekthi Ebalulekileyo

Iprojekthi yomoya ephuma eGuangdong Yangjiang Sanshan Island imele inkqubela phambili enkulu kweli candelo. Ikwiikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-100 ukusuka kunxweme lwaseTshayina, le projekthi iza kubonelela ngamandla acocekileyo angama-2,000 MW kwiGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, inceda amakhaya amalunga nezigidi ezingama-2.4.

Embindini wayo kukho ii-transformer ze-DC eziguquguqukayo ze-±500 kV—iiyunithi ezinkulu nganye inobunzima obuziitoni ezingama-380, xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi zabakhweli ezingama-200. Ezi transformers zonyusa amandla ukusuka kwi-66 kV ukuya kwi-500 kV AC ngaphambi kokuba ziguqulwe zibe yi-DC ukuze zidluliselwe. Le projekthi ifune uphando nophuhliso lweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, yoyisa imingeni yokuchasana netyuwa, uyilo lwenyikima, kunye nokwenza ngcono isithuba.

Icandelo lesihlanu: Izikhokelo zexesha elizayo

Njengoko umoya ophuma elwandle usanda uye emanzini anzulu ngakumbi, amanqanaba ombane ayaqhubeka nokunyuka. Imigaqo yeshishini ikhomba kwi-525 kV kunye ne-DC voltages ephezulu nangakumbi, ifuna ii-transformers ezinokukwazi ukufudumala okukhulu kunye noxinano lwamandla.

Imizamo yokumisela umgangatho nayo iyaqhubeka. Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-IEC 60076-16 ijongana ngqo nee-transformers zezicelo ze-wind turbine, inika isikhokelo malunga neemfuno zovavanyo kunye nokusebenza kokufakelwa kolwandle.

Isiphelo

Iitransformer ezikhethekileyo zeHVDC Flex zivumela ukwanda komoya olwandle ukuya emanzini anzulu apho uthumelo lwe-AC lungaphumeleli khona. Xa zidityaniswe neemfuno zombane ezigqithisileyo kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, ezi yunithi zimele umda ophambili wobunjineli betransformer.

Kwiingcali zokuthenga, ukuqonda iimfuno ezizodwa zezicelo ze-HVDC ezikude nolwandle kunceda ekuchazeni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuvavanya amandla omthengisi. Njengoko amandla ahlaziyekayo eqhubeka nokwanda kwawo kwihlabathi liphela, ezi transformers zikhethekileyo ziya kuhlala ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeziseko zophuhliso zamandla acocekileyo.