Iindaba

I-transformer nganye inepleyiti yesinyithi esebenza njengekhadi layo lokwazisa—ipleyiti yegama. Kubasebenzi abangochwephesha bokuthenga, iinjineli, kunye nabaphathi beeasethi, ukuqonda olu lwazi kubalulekile. Ipleyiti yegama iqulethe izibalo ezibalulekileyo ezichaza indlela i-transformer enokuqhutywa ngayo, eqhagamshelwe ngayo, kwaye igcinwe ngayo ubomi bayo bonke.

Uninzi lobomi babo bokusebenza, ii-transformer zisebenza buthule. Iingxaki ziyavela ngaphakathi—ukufakwa kwe-insulation kuyawohloka, uqhagamshelo luyakhululeka, iindawo ezishushu ziyavela—ngaphandle kwesilumkiso esibonakalayo. Ngexesha lokhuseleko oluqhelekileyo lusebenza, umonakalo udla ngokuba sele wenziwe.

Kwi-transformer enkulu yamandla, uhambo oluvela kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwisitishi esingaphantsi lucelomngeni lobunjineli ngokwalo. Zinobunzima obungamakhulu eetoni kwaye ziqulethe izinto zangaphakathi ezibuthathaka, ezi mpahla zijongene nemingcipheko emikhulu ngexesha lokuthuthwa—imingcipheko, ukuba ayilawulwa, inokukhokelela kumonakalo ofihlakeleyo kunye nokusilela kwangethuba. Ukuqonda izinto ezisetyenziswa ekuthuthweni nasekufakweni kwe-transformer kubalulekile kwiingcali zokuthenga ekufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba utyalo-mali lwazo lufika ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye lusebenza ngokuthembekileyo.

Ioyile yetransformer idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ligazi" letransformer. Iyagquma, ipholise, ikhusele, kwaye ide ixilonge. Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, ioyile yeminerali ephuma kwipetroleum ibisoloko iyindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhetha. Kodwa iinkxalabo ezikhulayo zokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lomlilo ziye zakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezinye iindlela—ngokukodwa, iioyile ze-ester zendalo eziphuma kwimithombo yemifuno.

Xa uthenga i-transformer, iinkcukacha zobugcisa zichaza inxalenye yebali kuphela. Ubungqina bokwenyani bomgangatho bukwiingxelo zovavanyo kunye namanqaku esiqinisekiso. Kwiingcali zokuthenga eziqhuba iimarike zehlabathi, ukuqonda ukuba ezi mvavanyo zithetha ukuthini kwaye zeziphi iziqinisekiso ezibalulekileyo kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kotyalo-mali oluthembekileyo kunye nempazamo ebiza kakhulu.

Ubomi betransformer buxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu bayo bokusebenza. Kwiqondo ngalinye lokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-8 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kobushushu obulinganisiweyo, ubomi bokugquma bunqunyulwa phakathi. Olu lwalamano lubalulekileyo lwenza iinkqubo zokupholisa zingabi zizinto ezincedisayo kuphela, kodwa zibe zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ubude bexesha kunye nokuthembeka kwempahla.

Njengoko iifama zomoya ezikwi-offshore zisiya kude ukusuka elunxwemeni—ngaphaya kweekhilomitha ezili-100 zisiya emanzini anzulu—uthumelo lwe-AC oluqhelekileyo lufikelela kwimida yalo yobugcisa. Iintambo zenqanawa ezingaphantsi kolwandle zisebenza njengee-capacitor ezinkulu, zidla amandla asabelayo kwaye zenze ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kube nzima kumgama omde. Kulapho ubuchwepheshe bothumelo oluguquguqukayo lwe-high-voltage direct current (HVDC) buba yimfuneko khona, kwaye kunye nayo, udidi olutsha lwee-transformers ezikhethekileyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-transformer xa ingasakwazi ukulungiswa okanye ukwenziwa ngokutsha? Kangangamashumi eminyaka, impendulo yayilula: indawo yokulahla inkunkuma okanye ukubuyiswa kwezinto ezilahliweyo. Namhlanje, loo ndlela iyatshintsha. Ngokukhula kwemithetho yokusingqongileyo, ukunyuka kweendleko zezinto eziluhlaza, kunye nezibophelelo zozinzo lwenkampani, ukudilizwa nokurisayikilishwa kwee-transformer ezingasasebenziyo kuye kwavela kwinkqubo yezoshishino ephucukileyo.

Kubavelisi nabathengi beetransformer, ixabiso lezinto ezikrwada aliyongxaki yasemva—yinto ephambili kumaxabiso, inzuzo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweprojekthi. Iitransformer ziimveliso ezisebenzisa izinto ezininzi, apho intsimbi yombane esekwe kubhedu kunye neenkozo (GOES) zodwa zibangela inxalenye enkulu yeendleko zokuvelisa. Xa la maxabiso eemveliso etshintsha, iziphumo ziyasasazeka kulo lonke uthotho lokubonelela.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-transformer ekupheleni kobomi bayo bokusebenza? Kangangamashumi eminyaka, impendulo yayilula: yilahle okanye uyithumele kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Namhlanje, indlela eyahlukileyo iyanda—leyo inika iingenelo ezinomtsalane kubanini beeasethi nakwindalo esingqongileyo.