Isiguquli sohlobo olomileyo seKlasi 1E seZityalo zamandla eNyukliya

1. Yintoni iTransformer yohlobo olomileyo yeClass 1E?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ingcamango ephambili "yeKlasi 1E".

Udidi 1E: Olu luhlelo lokhuseleko oluvela kwimigangatho yoyilo lwezikhululo zamandla enyukliya (umz., i-IEEE Std 323 e-US okanye i-GB/T 12727 e-China). Ibhekisa kwizixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokwenza imisebenzi yokhuseleko ephambili, njengokuvalwa kwengxamiseko ye-reactor, ukwahlulwa koxinzelelo, ukupholisa i-reactor core, kunye nokuthintela ukukhululwa kwezinto ezine-radioactive.

I-Transformer yohlobo olomileyo: I-transformer enezimbobo ezingafakwanga kwi-oyile yokukhusela kodwa ezikhuselwe zizinto eziqinileyo zokukhusela (umz., i-epoxy resin).

Ngoko ke, iTransformer yohlobo olomileyo yeClass 1E ichazwa njenge: Itransformer yohlobo olomileyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngombane kwiinkqubo zodidi lokhuseleko (1E) lwesikhululo samandla enyukliya. Kufuneka ikwazi ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo nangokuqhubekayo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, iimeko zengozi (umz., inyikima, iLOCA - Ukulahleka kweNgxaki yokupholisa), kunye neendawo zasemva kwengozi ixesha elithile.

Ngamafutshane, yenye "yemithombo yamandla ombane" yeenkqubo zokhuseleko zesikhululo samandla enyukliya.

1. Kutheni Kufuneka Izityalo Zamandla Enyukliya Zisebenzise IiTransformers Zeklasi 1E?

Ukhuseleko lweziko lenyukliya yeyona nto iphambili. Indima yabaguquli beClass 1E kukubonelela ngamandla azinzileyo nanokuthenjwa kwizixhobo zokhuseleko ezibalulekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu, kuquka:

Iinkqubo zokusasazwa ezinxulumene nokhuseleko

Izixhobo zokutshintsha izixhobo zeejenereyitha zedizili ezingxamisekileyo

Ulawulo kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela ii-reactor

IiMoto zeempompo zeNkqubo yoKuphola yoNgxamiseko (i-ECCS)

Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni emva kwengozi

Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya kunye nokwahlukanisa

Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla kwezi nkqubo kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ii-transformers zeClass 1E ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwisicwangciso esinzulu sokuzikhusela sesikhululo samandla enyukliya.

1. Iimfuno eziphambili kunye neeTekhnoloji eziphambili zeeTransformers zohlobo olomileyo zeKlasi 1E

Iitransformer zeClass 1E zahluke kakhulu kwiitransformer eziqhelekileyo zemizi-mveliso okanye zorhwebo ezomileyo. Iimfuno zazo eziphambili zibonakala kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

1. Ukuthembeka Okugqibeleleyo kunye neZiqinisekiso zokusingqongileyo (izixhobo ze-K1, K2, K3)

Izityalo zamandla enyukliya zahlulahlula izixhobo zeClass 1E ngokusekwe kubunzima beemeko zokusingqongileyo ekufuneka zinyamezele. Iitransformer zahlulwe kwiindidi ezifanelekileyo:

Udidi lwe-K1: Lufakwe ngaphakathi kwisikhongozeli. Kufuneka lumelane neemeko eziqhelekileyo, iinyikima (OBE/SSE), kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, kunye nendawo yokutshiza ngamakhemikhali okubangelwa yi-Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), kwaye kufuneka luhlale lusebenza emva kwengozi. Olu lolona didi lungqongqo.

Udidi lwe-K2: Lufakwe ngaphakathi kwindawo yokugcina izinto kodwa lufuneka kuphela ukuze lukwazi ukumelana neemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neenyikima, ngaphandle kwemeko-bume ye-LOCA.

Udidi lwe-K3: Lufakwe ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokukhusela kodwa luyinxalenye yenkqubo enxulumene nokhuseleko, olufunekayo ukuze lukwazi ukumelana neemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neenyikima.

Iiteknoloji eziphambili ezihambelanayo:

Inkqubo Yokugquma Ekhethekileyo: Isebenzisa izixhobo zokugquma ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezithintela ilangatye, ezimelana nokufuma, nezimelana nemitha (umz., i-epoxy resin ephezulu). Iinkqubo eziphambili zokugquma/zokufaka (umz., iteknoloji yokugquma ebhityileyo, i-Vacuum Pressure Impregnation) zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo sokugquma esixineneyo esingenazo izithuba, kunye namanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu okukhupha.

Ukumelana neLanga Eliphezulu (Udidi lwe-F1): Izinto ziyazicima ngokwazo kwaye aziyi kutsha nokuba zibekwe kwilangatye elivulekileyo, nto leyo ethintela ukusasazwa komlilo.

Amandla Oomatshini Aqinileyo: Lonke ulwakhiwo lwe-transformer (kuquka ii-windings, iifreyimu, njl.njl.) kufuneka lumelane ne-Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) ngaphandle komonakalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza. Oku kufuneka kuqinisekiswe nge-Finite Element Analysis echanekileyo (FEA) kunye novavanyo oluqinileyo lwe-seismic qualification.

2. Uqinisekiso loMgangatho oluQinisekileyo kunye neSatifikethi

Inkqubo ye-Nyukliya QA: Lonke umjikelo wobomi—ukususela kuyilo, ukuthengwa kwezinto, ukwenziwa, ukuvavanywa, ukuya ekuhanjisweni—kufuneka kulandele inkqubo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wenyukliya (esekelwe kwi-HAF 003 okanye kwi-10 CFR 50 Appendix B), ukuqinisekisa ulawulo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo kunye nokulandeleka.

Iziqinisekiso kunye neSatifikethi: I-transformer kufuneka iphumelele uvavanyo lohlobo kunye novavanyo lwe-seismic qualification oluqhutywa yi-arhente eyaziwayo liqumrhu lesizwe elilawula ukhuseleko lwenyukliya (umz., i-NNSA eTshayina) ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yeKlasi 1E. Le "yilayisenisi" yayo yokungena kwimarike.

3. Uyilo kunye noVavanyo lokuSebenza oluthile

Ukumelana nokuguga kwemitha: Ingakumbi kwiitransformer ze-K1 category, izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu kunye nezinto zokwakha kufuneka zihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho monakalo ubonakalayo wokusebenza phantsi komlinganiselo wemitha olindelekileyo ebomini bazo.

Uvavanyo Oluqatha Lwesiqhelo Nohlobo: Ngaphaya kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo (umlinganiselo, ukumelana, ukulahleka komthwalo/umthwalo, i-dielectric, inqanaba lesandi, njl.njl.), uvavanyo olukhethekileyo luyimfuneko, olufana nolu:

Ukulinganisa Ukukhupha Inkunkuma Ngokungaphelelanga: Iimfuneko zingqongqo kakhulu, zihlala zifuna amanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-5-10 pC, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokugquma ixesha elide.

Uvavanyo lweVolthi yeMpembelelo (Umbane kunye neMpembelelo yokutshintsha).