I-Transformer Tap Changer

Isixhobo sokulawula i-voltage se-transformer sahlulwe saba sisixhobo sokulawula i-voltage se-transformer "esingasebenziyo" kunye nesixhobo sokutshintsha i-tap "esivalelwe".

Zombini zibhekisa kwindlela yokulawula i-voltage ye-transformer tap changer, ngoko ke yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?

① I-"off-excitation" tap changer ifuna ukutshintsha i-high-voltage side tap ye-transformer ukuze itshintshe i-turns ratio ye-winding yokulawula i-voltage xa ​​omabini amacala aphambili kunye nawesibini e-transformer eqhawukile kumbane.

② Itshintshi yetephu "Ekulayisheni": Ngokusebenzisa itshintshi yetephu ekwilayishwayo, itshintshi ye-transformer winding ukuze itshintshe ukujika kwe-voltage ephezulu ukuze kulawulwe i-voltage ngaphandle kokunciphisa umsinga womthwalo.

Umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kukuba i-off-excitation tap changer ayinakho ukutshintsha iigiya ngomthwalo, kuba olu hlobo lwe-tap changer lunenkqubo yokuqhawula ixesha elifutshane ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha iigiya. Ukuqhawula umsinga womthwalo kuya kubangela ukungqubana phakathi kwabafowunelwa kwaye konakalise i-tap changer. I-on-load tap changer inotshintsho olukhulu lokumelana ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshintsha iigiya, ngoko ke akukho nkqubo yokuqhawula ixesha elifutshane. Xa utshintsha ukusuka kwenye igiya ukuya kwenye, akukho nkqubo yokuqhawula xa umsinga womthwalo unqunyanyisiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ii-transformers ezineemfuno ezingqongqo ze-voltage ezifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo.

Ekubeni i-transformer "elayishayo" itshintsha itephu inokufezekisa umsebenzi wokulawula i-voltage phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza kwe-transformer, kutheni ukhetha i-"off-load" tap changer? Kakade ke, isizathu sokuqala lixabiso. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ixabiso le-off-load Isiguquli soTshintsho seTap yi-2/3 yexabiso lesiguquli sokutshintsha itephu esikwi-load; kwangaxeshanye, umthamo wesiguquli sokutshintsha itephu esikwi-off-load umncinci kakhulu kuba asinayo inxalenye yesiguquli sokutshintsha itephu esikwi-load. Ke ngoko, xa kungekho mithetho okanye ezinye iimeko, isiguquli sokutshintsha itephu esikwi-off-excitation siya kukhethwa.

Kutheni kufuneka ukhethe i-transformer etshintsha itephu xa ilayishwa? Yintoni umsebenzi wayo?
① Phucula izinga lokufaneleka kwe-voltage.
Uthumelo lwamandla kwinethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwenkqubo yamandla luvelisa ilahleko, kwaye ixabiso lokulahleka lincinci kakhulu kufutshane nevolthi elinganisiweyo. Ukwenza ulawulo lwevolthi elayishiweyo, ukugcina ivolthi yebhasi yesitishi esingaphantsi ifanelekile, nokwenza izixhobo zombane zisebenze kwimeko yevolthi elinganisiweyo kuya kunciphisa ilahleko, eyona ingabizi kakhulu kwaye ifanelekileyo. Izinga lokufaneleka kwevolthi yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zomgangatho wobonelelo lwamandla. Ulawulo lwevolthi elayishiweyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo lunokuqinisekisa izinga lokufaneleka kwevolthi, ngaloo ndlela kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zobomi babantu kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso neyezolimo.

② Phucula amandla okubuyisela amandla asebenzayo kwaye wonyuse izinga lokufaka i-capacitor.
Njengesixhobo sokuhlawula amandla esisebenzayo, amandla asebenzayo e-reactive capacitors ahambelana nesikwere se-voltage yokusebenza. Xa i-voltage yokusebenza yenkqubo yamandla incipha, isiphumo sokuhlawula siyancipha, kwaye xa i-voltage yokusebenza inyuka, izixhobo zombane ziyahlawulwa kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-voltage yesiphelo inyuke, ide idlule umgangatho, nto leyo elula ukonakalisa i-insulation yezixhobo kwaye ibangele.
iingozi zezixhobo. Ukuze kuthintelwe amandla okusabela ukuba abuyiselwe kwinkqubo yamandla kwaye izixhobo zokuhlawula amandla okusabela ukuba zingakhubazeki, nto leyo ebangela inkunkuma kunye nokulahleka okukhulu kwezixhobo zamandla okusabela, iswitshi ephambili yetephu yetransformer kufuneka ilungiswe ngexesha ukuze ilungelelanise i-voltage yebhasi ibe kuluhlu olufanelekileyo, ukuze kungabikho mfuneko yokukhubaza i-capacitor consolation.

Uyisebenzisa njani indlela yokulawula i-voltage ekwi-load?
Iindlela zokulawula i-voltage elayishayo ziquka ukulawulwa kwe-voltage yombane kunye nokulawulwa kwe-voltage ngesandla.

Eyona nto iphambili kulawulo lwevolthi yomthwalo kukulungisa ivolthi ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wotshintsho lwecala levolthi ephezulu ngelixa ivolthi ekwicala levolthi ephantsi ingatshintshi. Sonke siyazi ukuba icala levolthi ephezulu liyivolthi yenkqubo, kwaye ivolthi yenkqubo ihlala ihleli. Xa inani lokujika kwicala levolthi ephezulu linyuswa (oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo woguquko unyuswa), ivolthi ekwicala levolthi ephantsi iya kuncipha; ngokuchaseneyo, xa inani lokujika kwicala levolthi ephezulu lincitshiswa (oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo woguquko uncitshisiwe), ivolthi ekwicala levolthi ephantsi iya kunyuka. Oko kukuthi:

Ukunyuka kwamathuba = ukwehla kwamathuba = ukunciphisa amandla ombane Ukwehla kwamathuba = ukunyuka kwamathuba = ukunyuka kwamandla ombane
Ngoko ke, phantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho i-transformer ingenakwenza i-tap changer xa ilayishwa?
① Xa i-transformer igcwele kakhulu (ngaphandle kweemeko ezikhethekileyo)
② Xa i-alamu yegesi ekhanyayo yesixhobo sokulawula i-voltage ekwi-load ivuliwe
③ Xa ukumelana noxinzelelo lweoyile kwisixhobo sokulawula i-voltage ekwimithwalo kungafanelekanga okanye kungekho oyile kwiphawu leoyile
④ Xa inani lolawulo lwe-voltage lidlula inani elichaziweyo
⑤ Xa isixhobo sokulawula i-voltage singaqhelekanga

Kutheni ukugqithisa kakhulu kukwatshixa i-tap changer ekwi-load?
Oku kungenxa yokuba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokulawula i-voltage ekwi-load ye-transformer ephambili, kukho umahluko we-voltage phakathi kwe-main connector kunye ne-target tap, evelisa i-circulating current. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lenkqubo yokulawula i-voltage, i-resistor iqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye ukuze idlule i-circulating current kunye ne-load current. I-parallel resistor kufuneka imelane ne-current enkulu.

Xa i-power transformer igcwele kakhulu, umsinga osebenzayo we-main transformer udlula umsinga olinganisiweyo we-tap changer, nto leyo enokutshisa isixhumi esincedisayo se-tap changer.

Ngoko ke, ukuze kuthintelwe isiganeko sokujika kwe-arcing ye-tap changer, akuvumelekanga ukwenza ummiselo we-voltage on-load xa i-transformer ephambili igcwele kakhulu. Ukuba ummiselo we-voltage unyanzelekile, isixhobo somgaqo we-voltage on-load sinokutsha, igesi yomthwalo ingasetyenziswa, kwaye iswitshi ye-transformer ephambili inokukhubeka.