Ukukhupha Okungaphelelanga kwiiTransformers ezintywilisiweyo kwiOyile: Indalo kunye nezizathu eziqhelekileyo zamanqanaba e-PD agqithisileyo

01 Intshayelelo

Ukukhupha inxalenye (PD) kwindawo entywilisiweyo kwioyile Iitransformer zamandla isengumngeni owaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela kwishishini le-transformer. Abavelisi abaninzi baye bafumana ilahleko enkulu ngenxa yokusilela okunxulumene ne-PD.

Ukudlula kwe-PD kunokwenzeka ngexesha lovavanyo lwefektri, uhlolo lomntu wesithathu, okanye kwiindawo zabathengi. Ukufumana imithombo ye-PD kudla ngokufana "nokufumana inaliti kwinqwaba yengca," okukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha okuhlala iintsuku okanye iinyanga, okubangela ilahleko enkulu yomgangatho kubavelisi okanye abasebenzisi bokugqibela.

Ngoko ke, ukuxilonga ngokwesayensi kunye nokuchonga ngokukhawuleza izizathu ze-PD egqithisileyo kubalulekile.

02 Inkcazo kunye neNdalo

Nangona kungekho nkcazelo isemthethweni ekhoyo, umbhali uchaza i-PD ngolu hlobo:
[Ukukhupha amanzi kwenzeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane ngaphakathi kwi-transformer engakhange ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-insulation okanye ukutsha ngokukhawuleza.]

Iimeko ze-PD zahlukile kakhulu kodwa zinentsingiselo efanayo:
[Iziphene zesakhiwo, zezinto, okanye zokwenziwa kwenkqubo yokwambathisa zibangela ukugqwetheka kwentsimi yombane yendawo egqitha amandla e-dielectric ngelo xesha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-ionization ephindaphindayo, encinci, engangeniyo.]

Ngamafutshane, uhlobo lwe-PD luxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwentsimi yombane ekwindawo ethile oludlula amandla entsimi yokuqala ye-PD.

03 Izizathu Eziphambili

Ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ze-PD, nayiphi na into ebangela amasimi ombane amaninzi akwindawo ethile inokubangela ukugqithisa kwe-PD.

3.1 Iindawo zePD
I-PD isenokuvela kwi:

Iibhushi

 

Abatshintshi bempompo ye-OLTC/DETC

 

Iinkokheli

 

Iiwindings

 

Izinto zokumisa umhlaba

 

Imiphezulu yokwambathisa/iziphene zangaphakathi

 

Ioyile yetransformer

Iindawo ezisengozini kakhulu:Umoya uyaphela kwi-insulation eqinileyo okanye kwi-gas bubbles kwi-oyile.
Isizathu:Phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-voltage, ubunzulu bentsimi yombane bulingana ngokuphambeneyo ne-dielectric constant (ε).

Ukwambathisa iphepha ε ≈ 4.4

 

Iimbobo zomoya ε ≈ 2.0
→ Amava omoya angenawo amandla aphezulu ≈2.2×.
Ngamandla aphantsi okuqhekeka (I-AC ≈2kV/mm), imingxunya/amaqamza aba ngamanqaku abuthathaka ekuqalisweni kwe-PD.

3.2 Iintlobo zePD
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-PD kwi Isiguquli esintywiliselwa kwioyiles:

Ukukhupha amaqamza egesi

 

Ukukhupha okubangelwa kukufuma(ubushushu obumanzi)

 

Ukukhupha i-electrode ebukhali(iingcebiso ze-electrode ezisebenzisa umbane ophezulu/umhlaba)

 

Ukukhupha okunokwenzeka okudadayo

 

Ukukhupha umsantsa weoyile omile okwe-wedge

 

Ukukhupha amanzi kwiincam zesinyithi/ezingcolisayo

 

Iziphene ezinamathelayo(iglu egqithisileyo/engekho semgangathweni kwiipleyiti zokubambelela/iirhin zokugqibela)

Ingcaciso ephambili:

Ukudlula kwe-PD akufane kuhambelane noyilo (amathuba okuba yi-≈0.5%).
I-95%+ ivela kwiziphene zezinto, inkqubo, okanye ukwenziwa kwezinto.

Isizathu:Xa ii-overvoltages (LI, LIC, SI, LTAC) ziguqulwa zibe yi-voltage elingana ne-1 min yamandla-frequency ukumelana ne-voltage (Uguqulelo lwe-DIL), zonke zidlula i-voltage yovavanyo lwe-PD (IVPD). Ukufakwa kwe-insulation ephambili/endeyithini yenzelwe imeko ephezulu kakhulu ye-overvoltage.

Hayi.	Uhlobo lwe-PD	Indawo	Indlela yokusebenza	Amatyala Aqhelekileyo
1	Ukukhupha i-Sharp Electrode	Izixhobo zokubopha, itanki, i-bushing ekhuphukayo, ii-terminals zokubopha i-lead	Irediyasi encinci egobileyo → uxinano olukhulu lwetshaja → uxinano olukhulu lwentsimi	Iibholiti ezingagqunywanga kufutshane nee-electrode ze-HV; imiphetho ebukhali kwi-magnetic shielding
2	Ibhamuza yegesi/Ukukhupha okungenanto	Amaqamza kwioyile / izithuba kwi-insulation eqinileyo	I-dielectric constant ephantsi (ε≈1) → uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwentsimi + amandla aphantsi okuqhekeka (2kV/mm)	I-vacuum engaphelelanga; ukuzaliswa kweoyile ngokukhawuleza; i-glue egqithisileyo/engalunganga kwizangqa zokugqibela/ii-equalizing spheres
3	Ukukhupha Okubangelwa Ngumswakama	Iiwindings, i-core insulation, iileads	Ukufuma kunciphisa amandla e-dielectric nge-60-70%	Ukomiswa okungonelanga kwengaphakathi; ukuchanabeka kakhulu emoyeni ongqongileyo ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa
4	Ukukhupha Okunokwenzeka Okudadayo	Ibhodi yokucinezela, iinkxaso zelothe, ii-shunts zemagnethi	Ukuqokelelwa kwetshaja → ukubetha kwentliziyo okuphuma ngequbuliso	Isikhuselo semagnethi esingagutyungelwanga; iiringi ze-electrostatic ezidityaniswe kakubi
5	Ukukhupha ukungcola	Amanzi/iifayibha/amasuntswana esinyithi kwioyile	Ukuphazamiseka kwentsimi + amanzi andisa uxinzelelo lwentsimi nge-2.9×	Ukuhluzwa kweoyile okungonelanga; umbindi ongcolisiweyo; ukungena komswakama

04 Imbonakalo

Ukuqonda iintlobo zePD eziqhelekileyo, iindlela, iindawo, kunye nezifundo zeemeko kubalulekile ekusombululeni iingxaki ezijoliswe kuzo.

Idibene nemigaqo yoqhagamshelo lwe-transformer, uyilo lwesakhiwo, iimpawu ze-PD waveform, indawo ye-polarity, kunye novavanyo lokuxilonga, olu lwazi lwenza ukuba kuchongwe ngokukhawuleza imbangela yeengcambu kwaye kuncitshiswe ukulahleka komgangatho.