Imigaqo-nkqubo yoShishino lweeTransformers zeHigh-Voltage kwihlabathi liphela ukusukela ngo-2025

Ngokusekelwe kulwazi lukawonke-wonke ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJulayi 2025,imigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino lwe-transformer ene-voltage ephezulu​ ukugxila kwihlabathi liphelaukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla, inkxaso yamandla avuselelekayo, ukulawulwa kwemarike, kunye nokunxibelelana kwegridi yengingqi. Apha ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo esicwangcisiweyo seendlela eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe/wengingqi:

I. IManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU): Ukuqinisa ukuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye neemfuno zeNdalo zoTshintsho oluHlaza​
I-EU isaqhubeka nokuba yinkokeli yehlabathi ekumiseleni imigangatho engqongqo yokusebenzisa amandla kakuhle kwi-high-Iitransformer zeVoltage, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ka-2025 ebeka phambili utshintsho oluphantsi kwekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo okusebenza kakuhle kunye noqoqosho olujikelezayo:

1. Imigangatho ephuculweyo yokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla:Phantsi kwe-Ecodesign Directive (ErP Directive, 2009/125/EC), phakathi ukuya kubanzi Iitransformer zamandla (kuquka iintlobo ze-voltage ephezulu) zijongene nemida engqongqo yokulahlekelwa yimithwalo kunye nokulahlekelwa yimithwalo, kunye nokunciphisa okuphakathi kwe-15% xa kuthelekiswa nemida yangaphambili. Umgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiitransformers uza kuphuculwa ukusuka kwiClass E ukuya kwiClass D ngo-2025, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezilahlekelwa yimithwalo ephantsi (umz., ii-alloys ezingabonakaliyo, ii-nanocrystalline cores) kunye neetekhnoloji zokulungisa umthamo okrelekrele.

2. Imiyalelo yoQoqosho oluSetyhula: Ukususela ngo-2025, i-EU iza kubeka imiqathango kwizinga lokurisayikilisha izinto ze-transformer (umz., izinto eziphambili kunye nezinto ezijikelezayo) kwaye iqinise ukubekwa kweliso kwinkunkuma ye-elektroniki (kuquka ii-transformer). Abavelisi baza kuba noxanduva lokurisayikilisha.

3. Isiqinisekiso se-CE esiphuculweyo: Iitransformer ze-high-voltage ezithunyelwa kwi-EU kufuneka zithobele i-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC, 2014/30/EU) kunye ne-Machinery Directive (MD, 2006/42/EC) (ukuba zixhotyiswe ngeefeni zokupholisa). Iinkqubo zokuqinisekiswa ziya kuba ngqongqo ngo-2025, zifuna uvavanyo lwe-EMC yimibutho eyazisiweyo ye-EU kunye novavanyo olupheleleyo lokhuseleko lomjikelo wobomi.

II. UMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia: Ukukhula kweMfuno engathanga ngqo eqhutywa yiMigaqo-nkqubo yamandla elanga
UMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, ummandla okhula kakhulu kwishishini le-photovoltaic (PV) lehlabathi, unyusa imfuno ye-transformer enamandla aphezulu ngokusebenzisa Izibonelelo ze-PV kunye notshintsho lwegridi:

1. I-Indonesia: Izicwangciso zokuqhubela phambili iiprojekthi zamandla avuselelekayo ze-100 GW (kuquka i-75 GW ye-PV) kwiminyaka eli-15 ezayo. Ngowama-2025, iza kugxila kwizikhululo zamandla ze-PV ezinkulu, nto leyo eqhuba imfuno ekhulayo yee-transformers ezine-voltage ephezulu (umz., i-220 kV nangaphezulu).
2. IThailand: Isicwangciso soPhuhliso lwaMandla esihlaziyiweyo sika-2024 sijolise ekonyuseni amandla avuselelekayo ukuya kwi-51% yamandla apheleleyo ngo-2037. Akukho rhafu kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ze-PV kunye "nenkqubo yokunciphisa irhafu ye-PV eluphahleni" (egubungela amakhaya angama-90,000 ngo-2025) ziya kunyusa imfuno ye-transformer enxulumene ne-PV esasazwe.
3. IVietnam: Yalungisa umgaqo-nkqubo wayo we-PV eluphahleni ngo-2024 ukuze isuse imida yomthamo kwaye ilula iinkqubo zokufaka isicelo. Ngo-2025, injongo kukuba ne-50% yeentsapho kunye neeofisi ezisebenzisa i-PV eluphahleni, nto leyo eyandisa imfuno yee-transformers ze-voltage eziphantsi ukuya kweziphakathi (umz., udidi lwe-10 kV).
4. IMalaysia: Yaqalisa ithenda yayo yesihlanu ye-PV enkulu (2 GW) ngo-2024 yaza yathomalalisa imithetho yeeprojekthi zokuzisebenzisa. Ngo-2025, umthamo ofakelweyo we-PV kulindeleke ukuba uhlale uzinzile okanye ukhule kancinci, nto leyo egcina imfuno ye-transformer.

III. I-Indiya: Ukulebhelishwa Kokusebenza Kakuhle Kwamandla Okuqhubekayo kunye Nokujongwa Okuqinisiweyo Kwemarike​
Ulawulo lwe-transformer ye-high-voltage eIndiya lugxile kwi imigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandlakunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ka-2025 ephucula ukunyanzeliswa:

1. Ukubhalwa kwelebheli yokonga amandla okunyanzelekileyo: Phantsi koMthetho woMbane, iimveliso ze-transformer kufuneka zibonise amanqanaba okusebenzisa amandla kakuhle (ahambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-IEC 60076-1). Inkampani yamandla karhulumente i-NPCIL ibeka phambili iimveliso ezisebenzayo kakhulu ekuthengeni.
2. Imida yokusingqongileyo: Imithetho yoLawulo lwe-E-Waste ka-2018 ifuna abavelisi ukuba banciphise umxholo wesinyithi esinzima (umz., ilothe, i-mercury) kwaye baphucule ukurisayikilisha kwe-e-waste. Ulawulo luza kuqina ngo-2025.
3. Ukhuphiswano lweMarike: Amashishini asekhaya (umz., iBHEL, i-L&T) anciphisa umsantsa phakathi kwamashishini amakhulu ehlabathi (umz., i-ABB, i-Siemens) ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa obutsha. Uxinaniso lwemarike phakathi kwamashishini amahlanu aphezulu luyehla kancinci (ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kwi-65% ngo-2025), ngelixa amashishini asakhasayo (agxile kwi-transformers ezonga umbane) ekhawulezisa ukungena kwimarike.

IV. ITshayina: Ukugxila ekuHlanganisweni kwamandla aHlaziyiweyo kunye neeGridi ezikrelekrele ukuze kuqhutywe ukuphuculwa kweMizi-mveliso​
Njengomvelisi omkhulu we-transformer kwihlabathi, imigaqo-nkqubo yaseTshayina ka-2025 igxile kuinkxaso yamandla avuselelekayo, ukwakhiwa kwegridi ekrelekrele, kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle:

1. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo: IKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lweSizwe (NDRC) kunye noLawulo lweMandla lweSizwe (NEA) bazise imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa uphando nophuhliso lweetransformers kwiiprojekthi zePV zomoya ezisasazwayo kude nonxweme. Ngowama-2025, imakethi yeetransformer zomoya ezisasazwayo kude nonxweme kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-15 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kwaye imfuno yeetransformer ezinxulumene nePV ezisasazwayo ikhula ngama-35%.
2. Uphuhliso lweGridi ekrelekrele: I-State Grid iceba ukutyala imali eyi-80 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2025 ukuze kuphuculwe izixhobo zokuhambisa nokuhambisa umbane, apho ii-transformers zithatha ngaphezulu kwe-40% yokuthengwa kwazo. Iindawo eziphambili ziquka i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu (±800 kV nangaphezulu) kunye nee-smart transformers (isabelo semarike sinyuka ukusuka kwi-20% ukuya kwi-25%).
3. Imigangatho ephuculweyo yokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Ii-Minimum Allowable Values ​​ezihlaziyiweyo zoKusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye neeGrade zoKusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiiTransformers zamandla (GB 20052-2025) ziya kuphelisa iimveliso ezingasebenzi kakuhle ngaphantsi kodidi lwe-S13. Iitransformers ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu (iBanga loku-1) ziya kufaneleka ukufumana isaphulelo serhafu esongeziweyo se-70%, nto leyo ekhawulezisa utshintsho kushishino oluya ekusebenzeni kakuhle.

V. EMntla Melika: Ii-Smart Transformers kunye noNxibelelwano lweGridi yeSithili
UMntla Melika (i-US, iKhanada, iMexico) ugxile ii-transformers ezikrelekrele kwayeukuhlanganiswa kwegridi yengingqingo-2025:

1. Ukukhuthazwa kweSmart Transformer: Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wase-US yamandla acocekileyo ixhasa uphando nophuhliso lwee-transformers ezikrelekrele, apho ubungakanani bemarike buqikelelwa ukuba buza kudlula i-20 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2025 (izinga lokukhula lonyaka lidlula i-10%). Izicelo ziquka iigridi ezikrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zamandla ezisasazwe.
2. Unxibelelwano lweGridi yeSithili: IKhanada neMexico, zisebenzisa iSivumelwano se-US-Mexico-Canada (i-USMCA), ziyaqinisa unxibelelwano lwegridi ne-US. Ngowama-2025, iimarike ze-transformer zaseKhanada naseMexico kulindeleke ukuba zifikelele kwi-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunye ne-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokuyintloko zihlangabezana neemfuno ze-transformer eziphezulu ezivela e-US.

Isishwankathelo
Ngowama-2025, imigaqo-nkqubo yeshishini le-high-voltage transformer yehlabathi iqhutywa yingqiqo engundoqo ye "utshintsho oluluhlaza + ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji"​:

I-EU ikhuthaza utshintsho olusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza ngokungqongqo kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo;
Umzantsi-mpuma we-Asia unyusa ngokungathanga ngqo imfuno ye-transformer ngemigaqo-nkqubo yamandla elanga;
I-India iyomeleza ulawulo lwemarike kunye nokubhala iilebhile ngendlela efanelekileyo;
I-China igxile ekudityanisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele;
UMntla Melika uphucula ii-smart transformers kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwengingqi.
Le migaqo-nkqubo idibanisa ishishini le-transformer lehlabathi elinombane ophezulu ukuze ukusebenza kakuhle, ubukrelekrele, kunye nokuzinza.

(Qaphela: Olu lwazi lungasentla lusekelwe kwidatha kawonke-wonke ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJulayi 2025. Ukuze ufumane imigaqo-nkqubo ethile, nceda ujonge kwiimpapasho zikarhulumente ezisemthethweni.)