Ukuchonga Umthamo Womthwalo Ophezulu we-kW weTransformer ye-1000kVA

Indlela Yokubala Uvavanyo Lomthwalo we-kW lweTransformer ye-1000kVA Ngokusekelwe kwiPower Factor

 

 

Njengoko i-transformer endala ye-1000kVA okwangoku iphatha umthwalo omalunga nama-200kW, ngaba le transformer ingahlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo ukuba siceba ukongeza umthwalo omtsha omalunga nama-600kW? Lo mbuzo ujikeleza kakhulu kwingcamango esisiseko: ubudlelwane kunye nomahluko phakathi kwe-kVA kunye ne-kW.

 

 

Ubudlelwane kunye nomahluko phakathi kwe-kVA kunye ne-kW

 

 

I-kVA (kilovolt-ampere) yiyunithi yamandla abonakalayo, ngelixa i-kW (kilowatt) imele iyunithi yamandla asebenzayo. Ukongeza kumandla abonakalayo kunye namandla asebenzayo, kukwakho namandla asebenzayo, alinganiswa kwi-kvar (kilovar).

 

 

 

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwamandla asebenzayo, amandla okusabela, kunye namandla abonakalayo?

 

 

Amandla Asebenzayo: Alinganiswa ngeewatts (W), amele amandla okwenyani asetyenziswayo okanye umsebenzi oluncedo owenziwa yisekethe (umz., ukufudumeza, ukukhanyisa).

 

 

 

Amandla Okusabela: Ilinganiswa kwi-volt-amperes reactive (VAR), ixhasa amasimi emagnethi kwimithwalo yokungenisa (umz., ii-motors) kodwa ayenzi msebenzi wokwenyani. Umzekelo, ukuba isixhobo sombane sinee-capacitors okanye ii-coils, ezi nxalenye ziya kutshaja kwaye zikhuphe ngokuqhubekayo ngelixa isixhobo sisebenza. Ekubeni ii-capacitors/ii-coils zingasebenzisi amandla ombane ngeli xesha lenkqubo yokutshaja/yokukhupha, amandla ahambelanayo abizwa ngokuba yi-‌reactive power‌.

 

 

 

Amandla Abonakalayo: Alinganiswa ngee-volt-ampere (VA), ludibaniso lwamandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo, amele amandla apheleleyo kwisekethe. Umthombo wamandla (odla ngokuba yi-transformer okanye i-generator) akufuneki unikezele ngamandla asebenzayo kuphela kodwa namandla asebenzayo kwizixhobo zombane. Oku kungenxa yokuba, nangona ii-capacitors ezikwisixhobo zingasebenzisi amandla asebenzayo, ukutshaja nokukhupha kwazo okuqhubekayo kusafuna umthombo wamandla ukuba wabele inxalenye yamandla awo ukuxhasa le nkqubo.

 

 

 

Emva kokucacisa ezi ngcamango, ngoku singahlola ubudlelwane bazo, nto leyo esikhokelela kwenye ingcamango ebalulekileyo: ‌power factor‌. Ubungakanani bamandla asebenzayo umthombo wamandla onokuwazisa buxhomekeke ngqo kwi-power factor.

 

 

 

Ukuba umbane uxabisa i-$1 nge-kilowatt-yure (kWh), i-transformer esebenza kwi-power factor ye-0.6 inokuvelisa ingeniso yezoqoqosho eyi-$600/yure. Xa i-power factor iphucuka ukuya kwi-0.9, i-transformer efanayo inokuvelisa ingeniso eyi-¥900/yure engama-45. Nangona iingenelo zemali zokuphucula i-power factor zibonakala, iziphumo zayo zobugcisa ezibanzi (umz., ukuphucula uzinzo lwegridi kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko zamandla) zidlula lee ezi nzuzo zikhawulezileyo.

 

 

 

Zingaphi ii-kilowatts (kW) ezinokuxhaswa yi-transformer ye-1000kVA？

 

 

 

 

Ngolwazi olusisiseko oluchazwe apha ngasentla, ngoku singawuphendula umbuzo ophambili wale nqaku ngokucacileyo nangokuchaneka.

 

 

 

Umthamo we-transformer ulinganiswa kwi-‌kVA (kilovolt-amperes), ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezixhobo zombane kulinganiswa kwi-‌kW (kilowatts). Umahluko ophambili ukwinyani yokuba ukubala amandla asebenzayo (kW) esixhobo kufuna ukuphinda-phinda amandla aso abonakalayo (kVA) nge-‌power factor (cosφ). Umzekelo, i-transformer ye-1000kVA inokukhupha kuphela umthwalo opheleleyo we-‌1000kW xa isebenza kwi-power factor ye-‌1.0‌. Nangona kunjalo, ukufikelela kule meko ifanelekileyo (PF = 1.0) akunakwenzeka kwizicelo zehlabathi lokwenyani.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kwisigaba soyilo, ukuba sisebenzisa imbuyekezo ye-power factor ukuze sifikelele kwi-power factor eyi-0.95, amandla asebenzayo e-transformer kufuneka abalwe njenge-1000×0.95=950kW. Isaziso esibalulekileyo: Ii-Power utilities ziyalela i-power factor (PF) ye-‌≥0.9‌ ukuze kuthintelwe izohlwayo; nangona kunjalo, ukudlula i-‌PF = 1.0‌ kunokubangela ukunyuka kwe-voltage yenkqubo kunye nokubeka emngciphekweni uzinzo lwegridi.

 

 

 

I-transformer ye-1000kVA ekuqaleni inika umthwalo wombane we-200kW. Emva kokongeza umthwalo omtsha we-600kW, imfuno yamandla asebenzayo iyonke ifikelela kwi-‌800kW‌, ehlala ngaphakathi komda oqikelelweyo wokusebenza okhuselekileyo we-transformer.

 

 

 

Ngoko ke, i-transformer ye-1000kVA eyayiqala ukunika umthwalo wombane we-200kW inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ixesha elide nokuba sele yongeze umthwalo omtsha we-600kW (uwonke we-800kW), ukuba nje amandla alungelelaniswe kwinqanaba elifunekayo.