Uhlalutyo lweeMpazamo zeTransformer kunye neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki

 

Iitransformer, njengezixhobo eziphambili kwiinkqubo zamandla, zenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo equka ukuguqulwa kwevolthi, ulawulo lwangoku, kunye nokwahlulwa kombane. Ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenethiwekhi zombane. La macandelo alandelayo abonelela ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lolawulo lokusebenza kwe-transformer, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufumanisa iimpazamo, kunye neenkqubo zokusombulula iingxaki.

 

 

Iinkqubo zokulungiselela kunye nokuhlola iTransformer

 

Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe i-transformer, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlolo olupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikulungele ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo:

 

Uhlolo lweFastener kunye noQhagamshelo: Yenza uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwazo zonke izibophelelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwetransformer, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zoqhagamshelo ezifana neeterminals zocingo kunye neebhasi. Qinisekisa ukuba i-torque isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuqinisa ukuthintela umonakalo wentambo, ngelixa uphepha ukubanjwa okubangelwa kukungahambelani kwezinto phakathi kweebholiti kunye neenati.

 

Ukuqinisekiswa koFakelo lweCandelo: Qinisekisa ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwazo zonke izinto eziqhekekileyo ngexesha lokuthuthwa okanye ukufakwa, hlola imibhobho yokupholisa yangaphakathi ukuze ubone ukuba akukho nkunkuma, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho zixhobo ziseleyo ngaphakathi kwe-transformer evalelwe.

 

Ukuhlolwa kwesixhobo soLawulo loBushushu: Qinisekisa ukuba iintambo zolawulo zabalawuli bobushushu kunye nezalathisi zihanjiswa kude nomphezulu wekhoyili kunye neendawo eziphilayo. Zikhusele kwakhona njengoko kufuneka ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka.

 

Inkqubo yokupholisakunye nokuhlolwa kwezixhobo ezincedisayo: Qinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweefeni zokupholisa, izixhobo zokulawula ubushushu, kunye neenkqubo ezincedisayo. Qinisekisa ngokukodwa indlela yokujikeleza kwefeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya uqondiswa phezulu ukusuka kwisiseko see-transformer windings.

 

Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokuQalisa iTransformer

 

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweenkcukacha zoyilo, kufuneka kwenziwe ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe i-transformer:

 

Ukulinganisa ukuxhathisa kwe-DC: Yenza ukulinganisa ukuxhathisa okujikelezayo kuzo zonke iindawo zokumpompa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweenkcukacha zoyilo.

 

Ukulinganiswa kweVoltage Ratio: Qinisekisa ukuchaneka kweutshintsho lwe-voltageii-ratios kwaye ziqinisekise ukuchaneka kokutyunjwa kweqela levektha ngokusebenzisa ukujonga i-polarity kunye nokulandelelana kwesigaba.

 

Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa ukugquma: Yenza uvavanyo lwe-dielectric phakathi kwesiseko kunye nezakhiwo zokubambelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokugquma.

 

Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa ukugquma: Linganisa ukuxhathisa ukugquma kwee-windings ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko lombane.

 

Uvavanyo Lokumelana Nokuphindaphindwa Kwamandla: Kwii-transformers ezilungisiweyo ezibuyela kwinkonzo, uvavanyo lwe-dielectric stain voltage kufuneka lwenziwe kwi-80% yenqanaba le-voltage yovavanyo lokuqala lwefektri, ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-IEC 60076-3 Isiqendu 10.

 

Amanyathelo okhuseleko okusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwee-transformers

 

Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo yokuGcina umhlaba: Yenza uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwenkqubo yokuGcina umhlaba emva kokufakelwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo.

 

Izithintelo zoKhuseleko: Iitransformer ezingenazo izithintelo zokuvala kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngezithintelo zokwahlukanisa ukuze zithintele ukudibana ngqo nezinto eziphilayo kunye nokunciphisa iingozi zokutshayiswa ngumbane.

 

Ukusebenza ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo: Ukufakwa, ukugunyaziswa, kunye nokugcinwa kweetransformer kuya kwenziwa ziingcali eziqinisekisiweyo kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko.

 

Amanyathelo okukhusela xa usebenzisa iTransformer

 

Ukusebenza kweNkqubo yoLawulo loBushushu: Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise amandla, linganisa kwaye uvavanye isilawuli sobushushu okanye iyunithi yokubonisa ubushushu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

 

Inkqubo Yokunika Amandla: Vala ii-circuit breakers nge-transformer kwimeko yokungasebenzisi umthwalo. Sebenzisa i-relay yokukhusela i-overcurrent ekhawulezileyo ngexesha lokunika amandla ukunciphisa iziphumo zamandla okungena.

 

Ukunyuka kancinci kancinci komthwalo: Emva kokuba uqalisiwe ukusebenza, umthwalo kufuneka unyuswe kancinci kancinci kwaye ujongwe ukuba kukho naziphi na izandi ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukungcangcazela ukuze kuthintelwe ukunyuka ngequbuliso komthwalo.

 

Iprotokholi Yokunciphisa Ukufuma: Kwii-transformers ezingasebenziyo amandla ezivezwe kumswakama ongqongileyo >80% RH.

 

Iziphene zeTransformer eziqhelekileyo kunye nezenzo zokulungisa

 

Impazamo yobushushu obugqithisileyo: Oku kuquka ubushushu obugqithisileyo bendawo kunye nokunyuka okukhulu kobushushu ngokubanzi. Hlola umthwalo, umbane, kunye neemeko zokusasazwa kobushushu.

 

Iziphene zokukhupha umbane: Zingabonakala njengokukhupha umbane okungaphelelanga, ukukhupha umbane kwi-arc, okanye ukukhupha umbane kwi-spark; ngokuqhelekileyo kunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zokukhusela umbane.

 

Impazamo yokufakwa kwe-insulation: Njengokuqhekeka kwe-insulation okanye ukonakala kokusebenza kwe-insulation; izixhobo zokufakwa kwe-insulation ezonakeleyo kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.

 

Ezinye iimpazamo: Kubandakanya ingxolo engaqhelekanga, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokhuseleko, ukuvuza kweoyile, njl.

 

Iindlela zokufumanisa iimpazamo:

 

Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo: Jonga umsinga womthwalo, utshintsho lombala weoyile, kunye nenkangeleko yangaphandle ukuze ubone ukuba akukho ziphazamiso (umz., ukuvuza kweoyile, ukutshintsha kombala).

 

Ukubeka iliso kwiindlebe: Mamela iingxolo ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokusebenza (umz., ukubhuza okungalinganiyo, ukukrazula, okanye izandi zokufutha).

 

Ukulinganisa ngombane: Linganisa ukumelana kwe-DC kwamanqanaba amathathu kunye nokumelana nobushushu ukuze uvavanye ukuba amaxabiso awela kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo na.

 

 

Ukulungiswa kweMpazamo yokuSebenza kwe-Insulation

 

Ukwehla kokusebenza kobushushu yingxaki eqhelekileyo kwiitransformers, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Uvavanyo lokumelana nobushushu kufuneka lwenziwe phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, kunye namaxabiso alandelayo asemgangathweni:

 

Ubushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwi-LV kunye nokugutywa: ≥ 300 M Ω (10kV), ≥ 1000 M Ω (35kV).

I-HV ukuya emhlabeni: ≥100 MΩ.

Ukuze ufumane izinto eziphambili/izixhobo zomhlaba, jonga amaxwebhu omenzi.

 

Ukuba i-transformer ibonisa ukungena komswakama okanye ukufuma (umz., amathontsi abonakalayo kumphezulu we-epoxy resin okanye izinto eziphambili), kufuneka ukomiswe kwangoko ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthembeka kwe-insulation, nokuba ixabiso layo langoku lokumelana ne-insulation lingakanani.

 

 

Iprotokholi yokunciphisa ingxolo engaqhelekanga yeTransformer

 

Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-transformer kuya kuvelisa isandi esirhabaxayo esitshintshatshintshayo ngokomthwalo. Ukuba kukho isandi esingaqhelekanga, kufuneka uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo:

 

Ukukhululeka kwentliziyo: Kuvelisa ingxolo evakalayo okanye evakalayo ngenxa ye-laminations engakhuselekanga okanye i-torque enganeleyo ye-bolt.

 

Umongo ongagungqiyo: Uvelisa izandi zokukhupha ezikhawulezayo ezivela kulwakhiwo lwe-electrostatic phakathi komongo kunye netanki.

 

Iziphene zoqhagamshelwano lweswitshi: Zibangela ukukrwitsha okanye ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokungqubana kwee-arches kwiimpompo zokutshintsha okanye ii-busbar joints.

 

Ukukhupha ilothe/ukujika: Kukhupha ii-arcs ezivakalayo ezivela ekuqhekekeni kwe-insulation kwiindawo ezine-voltage ephezulu.

 

Iibhushi ezingcolisiweyo: Zibangela ukukhupha kwe-corona okukhwazayo ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kweoyile/amasuntswana kumphezulu.

 

Ukusombulula iingxaki zoLawulo loBushushu

 

Ukusilela kokuvula: Jonga umbane, iifusi, uqhagamshelo lwesiphelo, kunye nemeko yeswitshi.

 

Akukho Siboniso Sobushushu: Jonga uqhagamshelo lwesensor kunye nokumelana kwayo.

 

Ukuphambuka kobushushu: Jonga ukufakwa kwee-sensors kunye nemithombo yokuphazamiseka.

 

Ukusilela koNxibelelwano: Jonga umgca wonxibelelwano kwaye uqhagamshelane nenkxaso yobugcisa yomthengisi.

 

Izisombululo zokunciphisa ukungalingani kweVoltage yeSigaba eSithathu

 

Ukungalingani kwamandla ombane kwisigaba sesithathu kudla ngokubangelwa ziimpazamo zokumisa umhlaba okanye ukungalingani komthwalo. Izisombululo ziquka:

 

UkuGxina ngamanqaku amaninzi ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yomgca ongathathi cala: Sebenzisa ukuGxina ngamanqaku amaninzi kwiinethiwekhi zokusasazwa kwe-voltage ephantsi ukuze unciphise ilahleko yombane wemigca engathathi cala ngokuphucula iindlela zokubuya zangoku kunye nokunciphisa ukungakwazi ukusebenza.

 

Isiguquli seSigaba esinye Ukusasazwa: Sebenzisa ii-transformers zesigaba esinye kwiindawo ezinemithwalo ephezulu yesigaba esinye (umz., iindawo zokuhlala) ukuze kwahlulwe imisinga engalinganiyo kwaye kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic.

 

Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulinganisela umthwalo: Yenza imilinganiselo yomthwalo rhoqo usebenzisa iimitha ze-clamp ukuze ulinganise ukuphambuka kwangoku phakathi kwezigaba.

 

Utshintsho loMbala weOyile kunye noNyango loLawulo lokuVuza

 

Ukuba mnyama kweoyile: Ukuba mnyama kweoyile (umz., i-amber ijika ibe mdaka/mnyama) kubonisa ukufunxwa komswakama kunye nokuwohloka kwe-oxidation, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla e-dielectric kunye nokwanda kwe-asidi. Buyisela ioyile eyonakeleyo ngokukhawuleza ukuze uthintele ukuguga ngokukhawuleza kwe-insulation kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo.

 

Ukuvuza kweoyile: Qinisekisa ukuba uyaqhubeka nokusebenza kwaye ulungiselele ukugcinwa ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokuvuza kweoyile, okanye uvale ngoko nangoko uze uzalise ioyile kwakhona.

 

Ukuqukumbela, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweetransformer yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuthembekeni kwenkqubo yamandla. Ngokuhlolwa ngononophelo, ukuxilongwa/ukulungiswa kwempazamo ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili, ubomi benkonzo yeetransformer bunokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo, amazinga okusilela ancitshiswe, kwaye ukhuseleko/ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zamandla kuqinisekiswe.